PLAB Pediatrics Practice Exam

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• At what age is the developmental milestone assessment first conducted according to the main periods?
• Which form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia presents with ambiguous genitalia?
• Which investigation is considered definitive for confirming Wilson's disease?
• What is the main cause of splenomegaly that occurs 3-4 weeks after onset in children with a history of viral infection?
• Which of the following conditions might require the assessment of a child's growth pattern for a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome?
• What are features of obstructive jaundice?
• What is the initial treatment recommended for Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome?
• What is the primary distinguishing factor between parvovirus B19 and measles?
• What can be a symptom of biliary atresia?
• What is a possible physical characteristic associated with Down syndrome?
• What clinical sign on an X-ray is most associated with malrotation with volvulus in neonates?
• In patients with diarrhea, anemia, and bulky stools, what is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which method is a common initial investigation for diagnosing a UTI in a child with dysuria and fever?
• What is a defining feature of the rash associated with scarlet fever?
• In pediatric cases of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, which test would confirm the diagnosis?
• When a child with a UTI does respond to antibiotics within 48 hours, what is the next best step?
• What antibiotic is commonly prescribed for the treatment of scarlet fever?
• What condition is characterized by bulky, frothy stools that are difficult to flush?
• What are Forschheimer spots described as?
• Delta waves on an ECG typically indicate which condition?
• What serum investigation result is likely to be elevated in a case of Henoch Schonlein Purpura?
• What diagnosis is most likely in a child with sudden onset difficulty breathing, stridor, high fever, and drooling, especially if unimmunized?
• What pathology is characterized by a lack of negative feedback leading to high ACTH levels due to insufficient cortisol production?
• Which statement accurately reflects a potential investigation result for intussusception?
• A newborn presents with sudden onset of green, bilious vomiting and bloody stools. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What type of investigation is best for diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis?
• Which of the following is a key characteristic of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome?
• What key language milestone is reached by a child at 1-1.5 years?
• What developmental milestone is typically marked by the ability to form 2-word sentences?
• What definitive investigation is used to confirm a diagnosis of biliary atresia?
• What is indicated for a child with diarrhea and vomiting who is unable to retain fluids?
• If a child with a UTI does not respond to antibiotics within 48 hours, what is the best next step?
• What is a common feature observed in the hands of a person with Down syndrome?
• In diagnosing cystic fibrosis, what initial findings are typically noted?
• What is the main treatment for congenital hypothyroidism in infants?
• Which combination of symptoms characterizes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?
• What is the investigation of choice for suspected foreign body aspiration in children?
• What is the name of the mental illness characterized by the belief that one is dead?
• According to NICE guidelines, what is the first-line treatment for primary nocturnal enuresis in children older than 5 years who wet less than twice a week?
• What is an effective preventive measure against cot death?
• What condition is suggested by jaundice, pale stools, dark urine, and splenomegaly in an infant?
• A common feeding difficulty in infants with Prader-Willi Syndrome can be linked to which of the following?
• What condition is characterized by a withdrawn, non-social child with tics?
• A 2-year-old girl shows signs of dehydration. What indicates the need for intravenous fluids?
• In a case of suspected abuse with an infant presenting with bruises, what is the most ethical treatment?
• Which sign is NOT typically associated with clinical shock in a child?
• A 7-month-old baby presents with a cough and wheezing. What is the most appropriate initial management?
• What gastrointestinal condition is indicated by a double bubble sign on an X-ray in neonates?
• What is the definitive treatment for biliary atresia?
• Which treatment is indicated for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
• At what age is Meckel's diverticulum most commonly presented in children?
• In a case of vesicoureteral reflux, what is the initial diagnosis revealed by the micturating cystourethrogram?
• Delusional parasitosis may result in what kind of experience for the afflicted individual?
• Which condition is commonly monitored in cystic fibrosis patients for detecting growth delay?
• What is a significant symptom of congenital hypothyroidism?
• Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with Down syndrome?
• Which of the following is a recognized method for collecting urine samples from children?
• In a case of tricyclic antidepressant overdose, which electrolyte imbalance may be indicated on an ECG?
• In contrast to scarlet fever, roseola infantum does not present with which of the following features?
• What is a common symptom of Cotard's syndrome?
• What combination of antibiotics is commonly used in the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis?
• Which age group is typically at higher risk for complications from an inguinal hernia?
• What condition presents with jaundice in an infant but differs from biliary atresia?
• Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease?
• What distinguishes the male salt wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
• What is the initial action to take when a baby with GORD managed with PPIs or H2RAs is not improving?
• What aspect of infant care may need to be modified in response to GORD?
• What is a key gross motor milestone for infants at 3 months?
• Among the following scenarios, which would most likely indicate DiGeorge's syndrome in a 3-month-old infant?
• What is the primary treatment for foreign body aspiration in children?
• What is the best initial investigation for Wilson's disease?
• What symptom might indicate a more severe case of GORD in infants?
• How can you differentiate galactosemia from biliary atresia?
• What is the defining characteristic of “red currant jelly” stools?
• What type of stools are commonly associated with cystic fibrosis?
• What is the recommended technique for performing basic life support (BLS) in a child?
• What is the best management for a breastfed baby diagnosed with breast milk jaundice?
• If a patient is non-compliant with their medications, what is the recommended next step?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which condition is associated with prolonged neonatal jaundice that may last into the fourth week of life?
• For a child with suspected Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome presenting with specific symptoms, what is a critical first step in management?
• If a child has elevated creatinine alongside thrombocytopenia, which syndrome might be suspected?
• What is the most appropriate investigation for a pediatric patient with a head injury and no loss of consciousness, but bruising on the left jaw?
• Which organ systems are primarily affected by cystic fibrosis?
• A breastfed baby is jaundiced in the 2nd week of life without fever. What is the likely diagnosis?
• Which of the following is associated with cystic fibrosis related lung disease?
• What would you expect the urine output to be in a child with clinical dehydration?
• What condition is associated with the presence of Forschheimer spots?
• What developmental aspect is typically delayed in children with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which condition typically presents with obstructive jaundice after the third week of life?
• What vaccination can prevent a significant number of acute epiglottitis cases?
• During an emergency situation involving a child who ingested a unknown substance, what is the best management if the ingestion was less than 1 hour ago?
• Which condition would prompt consideration of cystic fibrosis during diagnosis?
• What is the definitive treatment for liver failure in Wilson's disease?
• What condition is characterized by high fever, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, a positive family history, and an age range between 6 months to 6 years?
• What is NOT a common symptom of congenital hypothyroidism in infants?
• After a baby experiences irritability and fever following immunization, what is the most appropriate action?
• What is the best management for an 8-year-old child with an inguinal hernia presenting with unbearable pain and vomiting?
• An 18-month-old boy has refusal to move his left arm and multiple bruises. What is the appropriate next step?
• When should elective herniotomy be performed for inguinal hernia in children?
• What is the appropriate management for a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a child presenting with bleeding gums and isolated thrombocytopenia?
• What is a main feature of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) in pediatrics?
• What diagnostic sign is typically seen in ultrasound for intussusception?
• Which of the following features is associated with acute biliary atresia?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for an 8-month-old baby presenting with dyspnea, cough, and wheezing?
• What is the first step in managing delayed developmental milestones in children?
• What gross motor skill is expected of a 1-year-old child?
• A 4-week-old female infant vomits after feeds and has a palpable mass. What is the most appropriate next step?
• What social development milestone can typically be seen in a 9-month-old?
• At what age do children typically perfect their leg gross motor skills by running and kicking a ball?
• When is sodium bicarbonate indicated in the management of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
• What is the most likely past medical history finding in a patient with acute epiglottitis?
• Which virus is most commonly responsible for bronchiolitis in infants?
• What is recommended regarding the use of pillows in a baby's sleep environment?
• If a child has a family history of allergies, what is the recommendation regarding vaccinations?
• What is the approximate chance of developing a febrile seizure after an initial one?
• What symptom is associated with pyloric stenosis in infants?
• What is a primary concern in a child presenting with fever and drooling, suspected of having epiglottitis?
• What are Koplik spots indicative of?
• What is the most common method for diagnosing Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• What urine analysis result is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children?
• Which method is NOT included in the assessment of dehydration in a child?
• What is the initial investigation recommended for diagnosing Meckel's diverticulum?
• What is the peak presentation age for Meckel's diverticulum?
• A 3-year-old boy has bulky stools. What investigation is most likely to lead to a diagnosis?
• A 3-week-old infant is diagnosed with breast milk jaundice. What is the most suitable management?
• What age group is primarily affected by bronchiolitis?
• In treating a child for primary nocturnal enuresis, which approach should be used if the child is older than 5 and has been bedwetting multiple times a week?
• Which investigation is considered the initial screening for congenital hypothyroidism?
• What typical finding suggests cystic fibrosis during a physical examination?
• In an 8-year-old child diagnosed with an inguinal hernia, what is the best management option?
• What is the first-line investigation for managing GORD in pediatrics?
• Roseola infantum is caused by which virus?
• Which enzymes are typically checked to diagnose congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
• What should be done if a pregnant woman develops chicken pox 10 days after delivery regarding the neonate?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of scarlet fever?
• What condition is indicated by sudden onset of green, bilious vomiting and blood per rectum in neonates?
• Which investigation is known as the gold standard for diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux?
• Which symptom could indicate cystic fibrosis in a newborn?
• A 4-year-old girl presents with urinary symptoms. What is the most appropriate first action?
• In children with suspicion of a urinary tract infection (UTI), what should always be done?
• Which symptom is NOT part of the triad of intussusception?
• Blue sclera and multiple fractures in children should raise suspicion for what condition?
• What management would be appropriate for a 7-year-old girl who bed wets 4 times a week?
• Which of the following is a key feature of Mauriac syndrome?
• What is the initial management strategy for GORD in infants?
• Which symptoms are most commonly associated with giardiasis?
• What characterizes intussusception?
• For a child diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux, what is the most appropriate next step in treatment?
• Which of the following is considered a hallmark feature of migraine in children?
• In which setting is the Guthrie card used as a screening tool?
• In a pediatric patient with a head injury and a GCS less than 14, what is the best investigation?
• Which symptom is primarily evaluated to differentiate between rubella and other viral exanthems?
• When assessing a child's skin turgor, what is an expected finding in mild dehydration?
• What is a common feature of congenital hypothyroidism?
• What gross motor milestone do children achieve at around 9 months?
• What is the first-line treatment for managing neurological complications in patients with Wilson's disease?
• What component is NOT included in the management of cystic fibrosis?
• Which characteristic of a bruise might suggest that it is due to abuse rather than an accident?
• Which of the following is a fine motor skill exhibited by a child at 1-1.5 years old?
• Hand, foot, and mouth disease is primarily caused by which virus?
• What is the best initial management for a 7-year-old girl who has bed-wet consistently for over 6 months?
• Following catheter ablation for Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, what is the next best management option?
• At what age can infants typically say monosyllabic words?
• What purpose does testosterone serve in children with growth delay?
• In a child less than 2 years old, which type of mass is described as soft, non-tender, and not translucent?
• What is the correct side effect management for a child with slight fever post-immunization?
• What laboratory value is particularly concerning in a child with pyloric stenosis?
• What is the next best line of action after a patient with pyloric stenosis has been vomiting profusely?
• What is the major modifiable risk factor associated with cot death?
• What color is typically observed in the rash caused by parvovirus B19?
• What is a primary characteristic of lymphangioma in children?
• Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura?
• Which of the following physical features is commonly seen in individuals with Down syndrome?
• What causes the symptoms of scarlet fever?
• In the case of a child with vesicoureteral reflux, which grading system is utilized for management?
• What is the first-line diagnostic method for Giardiasis?
• Which condition should be considered in a child with arthralgia and purpuric rash located over the buttocks and extensor surfaces of the legs?
• What is the primary use of a Technetium scan (DMSA) in the context of pediatric urology?
• What does secondary nocturnal enuresis refer to?
• When a child has poor weight gain at home but shows improvement in the hospital, what should be suspected?
• What is the primary investigation used to assess for biliary atresia?
• What is the initial management for a child with suspected non-accidental injury?
• What is the appropriate management for a 4-year-old boy with primary nocturnal enuresis and no daytime symptoms?
• Which syndrome is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs that lead to movement?
• What is not a recommended treatment for children with recurrent chest infections?
• In pediatric imaging, the “target sign” is indicative of what condition?
• How is intussusception typically differentiated from volvulus in infants?
• What does the mnemonic CATCH-22 signify in DiGeorge's syndrome?
• Is premature rupture of membranes (PROM) considered a risk factor for immature respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?
• What is the general presentation for a child with biliary atresia?
• What is the most common symptom associated with Meckel's diverticulum in a pediatric patient?
• What condition is indicated by an infant presenting with vomiting, abdominal distension, and bloody stools?
• What fine motor skill becomes apparent in infants at 6 months?
• What is an important sign indicating a need for emergency herniotomy?
• Which of the following features indicates poor growth milestones in Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which symptom typically follows the high-grade fever in roseola infantum?
• What is the best initial treatment for a patient presenting with symptoms of pyloric stenosis?
• What is the primary condition indicated by the presence of vesicles on the hands and feet along with fever and mouth ulcers?
• Why is omeprazole used in the management of cystic fibrosis?
• Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically seen in acute epiglottitis?
• In a case of jaundice, pale stools, and dark urine, what condition should be suspected?
• At what developmental milestone does an infant first demonstrate the ability to crawl?
• Which condition is associated with jaundice and chronic cough?
• Ekbom's syndrome is also known by which term?
• Parvovirus B19 rash may spread to which of the following areas?
• Which body part does the parvovirus B19 rash start from before spreading?
• What is a key indicator of developmental delay in Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which signs would you expect during the assessment of clinical shock in a child?
• Which type of jaundice is most likely associated with breast milk?
• What term describes the swelling of lymph nodes typically seen in rubella?
• A mother brings her child to the hospital with multiple fractures and blue sclera. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• What is a key clinical feature that differentiates cystic fibrosis from celiac disease?
• In the case of enuresis with no daytime wetting, what is often the best approach?
• What is the diagnosis for a child with an irreducible firm swelling near the groin that becomes less firm when the child cries?
• What is the characteristic appearance of the tongue in a patient with scarlet fever?
• What is the preferred investigation method to assess for Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome?
• What is one of the cardinal symptoms of measles?
• Which of the following is a complication of Marfan's syndrome?
• Which method is definitive for treating pyloric stenosis?
• What chromosomal abnormality is associated with Down syndrome?
• Which sign would NOT typically be noted in a child with dehydration?
• What symptoms are indicative of a neonate likely experiencing malrotation with volvulus?
• Which diagnostic method is recommended for evaluating growth delay in children?
• What has significantly reduced the incidence of acute epiglottitis?
• What is a key developmental feature of Rett syndrome?
• What characteristic feature is associated with parvovirus B19 rash?
• What assessment finding indicates the need for immediate medical attention in a child suspected of non-accidental injury?
• What initial investigation is recommended for suspected celiac disease?
• What clinical feature is typical in tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
• What clinical feature distinguishes hemolytic anemia from biliary atresia?
• What is the expected age range for walking without support in children?
• What disorder is indicated by both motor and phonic tics in a child?
• Which type of tissue is commonly found in Meckel's diverticulum?
• What should be administered to a child within 1 hour of a tricyclic antidepressant overdose if they exceeded 4 mg/kg?
• What is the first-line long-term treatment recommended for a child with significant nighttime bedwetting?
• How should caregivers be advised regarding the sleeping position of babies to reduce cot death risk?
• What is the next best management for a child showing leucocytes in urine with dysuria and fever?
• What is the first action to take in the treatment of epiglottitis?
• When does the rash typically appear in a child with scarlet fever?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a neonate with low set ears, flat occiput, and a double bubble sign on chest X-ray?
• What is the definitive investigation for Meckel's diverticulum?
• What common laboratory finding is associated with DiGeorge's syndrome?
• Which condition is indicated by drooling of saliva in a child?
• What crucial clinical feature aids in diagnosing intussusception in children?
• Which syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of both motor and vocal tics in children?
• What is the most common initial method for diagnosing non-accidental injury?
• What defines primary nocturnal enuresis in children?
• Which area is NOT included in the four main areas of developmental milestones?
• Which of the following is a symptom of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease?
• What does the term "non-accidental injury" refer to?
• Which syndrome involves delusions of infestation?
• What should be the course of action for a child wanting immunization but currently febrile?
• If a child in the UK has unexplained anemia, what condition should be considered?
• Which feature is key for differentiating pyloric stenosis from malrotation in a neonate?
• A baby is admitted with wheezing and recession. What is the likely diagnosis?
• What is the primary treatment for Meckel's diverticulum?
• What imaging finding is suggestive of necrotizing enterocolitis?
• What is the definitive investigation in GORD in pediatrics?
• What symptom is commonly seen in a child with acute epiglottitis?
• What laboratory findings would you expect in a child suffering from Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
• What is the recommended initial management approach for a child who has failed two courses of treatment for nocturnal enuresis?
• What is the best investigation for confirming a diagnosis in a child with diarrhoea, anaemia, and bulky, frothy stools?
• What is a hallmark physical feature of Marfan syndrome?
• What is the expected clinical presentation of a child with DiGeorge's syndrome?
• In the case of jaundice developing within the first 24 hours of life, which condition is the most likely differential diagnosis?
• Which of the following is a feature of DiGeorge's syndrome?
• What imaging finding is suggestive of intussusception in pediatric patients?
• What is cot death also known as?
• In Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), which of the following symptoms is typically observed?
• Where does intussusception often occur in children?
• Which age range is most commonly affected by febrile convulsions?
• What is the most common preceding infection associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
• What is Mauriac syndrome associated with?
• What age range typically shows regression of skills in a child with Rett syndrome?
• Which sign is associated with duodenal atresia?
• What investigation is considered the best initial assessment for vesicoureteral reflux?
• What condition might cause a child to present with developmental delays and require reassessment?
• Asperger's syndrome is described as having what primary features?
• What is the general approach to treating severe electrolyte imbalances in a child with pyloric stenosis?
• At what age does a child typically begin to show social interaction as a developmental milestone?
• Does placing a baby on its back to sleep increase the risk of aspiration?
• In children, what is a distinguishing feature of migraine attacks compared to adults?
• What nutritional adjustment is recommended for patients with cystic fibrosis?
• What is the definitive test for cystic fibrosis in newborns?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of acute epiglottitis?
• In the management of non-accidental injury in children, what is the first priority?
• When evaluating a child with fever and rash, what condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis?
• What is the characteristic abdominal mass found in pyloric stenosis?
• When an infant with GORD does not improve with feeding assessment, what is the next step in management?
• Stranger anxiety typically develops in which age range?
• What is one possible cause of neonatal jaundice that appears within 24 hours after birth?
• How can cot death be prevented effectively?
• What defines a premature baby?
• For a breastfed infant with jaundice, what should be considered as management?
• In treating recurrent chest infections in cystic fibrosis, which of the following is NOT typically included?
• What is Meckel's diverticulum?
• Which syndrome is associated with a deletion on chromosome 22?
• Which symptom is NOT associated with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome in children?
• What is the rule of 2's associated with Meckel's diverticulum?
• What management strategy should be employed for a 7-year-old girl who has not been dry at night for more than 6 months and bed wets once a week?
• In the assessment for dehydration, which of the following indicates a child is borderline?
• Which of the following factors increases the risk of cot death?
• What is a classic facial feature of DiGeorge's syndrome?
• What symptom is often associated with biliary atresia?
• What is a common symptom that appears prior to the rash in scarlet fever?
• What indicates a well-hydrated child when assessing capillary refill time?
• What is the recommended action for a child over 24 months with primary bedwetting and daytime incontinence symptoms?
• What vitamin supplementation is commonly emphasized in the management of cystic fibrosis?
• What imaging study is best used to evaluate pyloric stenosis?
• What is the first line of treatment for giardiasis?
• What is the first-line approach in managing non-accidental injury in children?
• What age is the minimum for referring children with primary bedwetting and daytime symptoms for further assessment?
• What genetic abnormality is associated with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in a child with G6PD deficiency?
• What type of rash is typically observed after the fever in roseola infantum?
• What is the primary treatment approach for addressing behavioral problems in Prader-Willi Syndrome?
• Which fine motor skill is typically developed by a 9-month-old child?
• What pathogen is responsible for the majority of bronchiolitis cases?
• A 4-year-old boy is still wet at night. What is the best initial management approach?
• What type of movements are associated with Tourette's syndrome?
• A 2-week-old infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal obstruction. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which feature may indicate long-term abuse in a case of non-accidental injury?
• What should the feeding strategy include for infants diagnosed with GORD?
• What is one of the features of IRDS?
• Which of the following is an essential therapy for a child with cystic fibrosis experiencing low oxygen saturation?
• What investigation is typically conducted to rule out other causes of respiratory distress in cases of IRDS?
• What should a healthcare provider do if a child exhibits poor weight gain at home but thrives in the hospital?
• What is the initial treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for IRDS?